Parkinson's disease treatment medical mnemonic

Medical mnemonic: treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

SALAD:

Selegiline
Anticholinenergics (trihexyphenidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine)
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa, benserazide)
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists (bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole)

Source: pharmamotion

Restless leg syndrome is some kind of similar to Parkinson’s disease in terms that in RLS there is spontaneous, repeated leg movements of the legs. It is not exactly tremor but for the purpose of the mnemocine, we will consider Parkinson’s disease as tremor of the hands, and RLS as tremor of the legs. One group of the medications for Rx of PD is dopapine Rc agonists such as the mentioned above. First Rx for daily restless legs syndrome includes dopamine agonists such as pramipexole or ropinirole.

More about RLG you can read on medscapeCME.

The use of N-Acetyl-Cysteine = NAC

The use of N-Acetyl-Cysteine = NAC medical mnemonic.

Nephropathy prevention (when contrast is used for CT scan in patients with renal insufficiency)
Acetaminophen toxicity
Cystic fibrosis (mycolitic agent)

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Zanamivir And Oseltamivir Mnemonic

How to remember that Zanamivir and Oseltamivir are Neuro-Aminidase inhibitors for the purpose of USMLE step 1.

Za-NA-mivir and Osel-NA-mivir(oseltamivir)>>>both are Neuro-Aminidase inhibitors.

They inhibit Influenza A and B Neuro-Aminidase(clips off sialic acids, thus aiding in release of virus).

Clinical use: prophylaxis mainly, but may decrease duration of flu symptoms by 2-3 days.

Side effects: nausea and vomiting

Neuroleptic side effects onset

Medical mnemonic for movement disorder antipsychotic medications side effects onset.

The rule of 4′s:

Dystonia(acute): 4 hours(up to 4 days)
AkiNesia: at 4 days
AkaThesia: at 4 weeks (according to some sources Akathesia can occur at any time)
Tardive Dyskinesia: 4 months (greater than)
· Note that tardive is obviously the latest one to happen (tardive=tardy/late).

The first one starts with DysTonia, and the last one is TD . AkiNesia and AkaThesia are in the middle. Which one comes first? N is before T in the alphabet;hence, Akinesia is before Akathisia in the mnemonic DAAT.

Some more medterms to make it clear:

Dystonia(an involuntary muscle contraction that causes sustained twisted or abnormal posturing):dys-  abnormal and ton- (tone) – normal state of tension or relaxation of muscles

Akinesia: a-     without, lacking and kinesia – movement

Akathesia(body restlessness):a-     without, lacking and kathisia – to sit
kinesia – movement

Tardive(means tardy/late) Dyskinesia(lack of ability to control movements, characterized by spasmodic or repetitive movements or lack of coordination):dys-  abnormal and kinesia – movement.

Note: Dyskinesia refers to involuntary movements, similar to a tic or chorea. Dyskinesia is a symptom of several medical disorders and is distinguished by the underlying cause.

When a dyskinesia presents after treatment with an antipsychotic drug such as haloperidol, it is a tardive dyskinesia and is commonly found in face as tongue “rolling”. A dyskinesia found in a patient with Parkinson’s disease is more commonly a jerky, dance-like movement of the arms or head and usually presents after several years of treatment with medication containing L-dopa.

Hepatic necrosis: drugs causing focal to massive necrosis

Medical mnemonic: medications causing hepatic necrosis.

Very Angry Hepatocytes:

Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
Halothane

Phencyclidine (PCP) Medical Mnemonic

USMLE medicine mnemonic for phencyclidine aka PCP.

RED DANES

Rage
Erythema (redness of skin)
Dilated pupils
Delusions
Amnesia
Nystagmus (oscillation of the eyeball when moving laterally)
Excitation
Skin is dry